HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide, 4th Edition

Chapter 1. HTML, XHTML, and the World Wide Web
Chapter 2. Quick Start
2.2. A First HTML Document

My first HTML document

My first HTML document

Hello, World Wide Web!

Greetings from
O’Reilly & Associates

Composed with care by:
(insert your name here)

©2000 and beyond

2.12. Style Sheets and JavaScript

CSS Example

I’ll be red if your browser supports CSS

Something in between.

I should be red, too!

Chapter 3. Anatomy of an HTML Document
3.2. Structure of an HTML Document

Barebones HTML Document

This illustrates, in a very simple way,
the basic structure of an HTML document.

3.3.2. Sample Tags

3.3.4. Proper and Improper Nesting

This is some text in the body, with a
link, a portion of which
is set in bold

3.6.1.1. The dir attribute

Display Directions

This is how IE 5 renders right-to-left directed text.

3.7.2. The Tag

HTML and XHTML: The Definitive Guide

Chapter 4. Text Basics
4.1.2. The

Tag

This is the first paragraph, at the very beginning of the
body of this document.

The tag above signals the start of this second paragraph.
When rendered by a browser, it will begin slightly below the
end of the first paragraph, with a bit of extra white space
between the two paragraphs.

This is the last paragraph in the example.

4.1.2.2. The align attribute

Right over here!

This is too.

Slide back left.

Smack in the middle.

Left is the default.

4.2.1.1. The align attribute

Right over here!

Slide back left.

Smack in the middle.

4.2.2. Appropriate Use of Headings
4.2.3. Using Headings for Smaller Text

Kumquat Farming in North America

Kumquat Farming in North America

Perhaps one of the most enticing of all fruits is the…
resulting in years of successful kumquat production
throughout North America.

This document copyright 1995 by the Kumquat Growers of
America. All rights reserved.

4.4.3. The Tag

While kumquats are not mentioned in Melville’s
Moby Dick, it is nonetheless apparent
that the mighty cetacean represents the bitter
“kumquat-ness” within every man. Indeed, when Ahab
spears the beast, its flesh is tough, much like the noble fruit.

4.4.4. The Tag

The array reference a[i] is identical to
the pointer reference *(a+i).

4.4.5. The Tag

When analyzing annual crop yields, rind spectroscopy may prove useful.
By comparing the relative levels of saturated hydrocarbons in fruit from adjacent
trees, rind spectroscopy has been shown to be 87% effective in predicting an
outbreak of trunk dropsy in trees under four years old.

Kumquat growers must always refer to kumquats
as "the noble fruit," never as just a "fruit."

4.4.7. The Tag

Type quit to exit the utility, or type
menu to return to the main menu.

4.4.8. The Tag

The ae character sequence may be converted
to the æ ligature if desired.

4.4.9. The Tag

One should never make a disparaging remark
about the noble fruit. In particular, mentioning
kumquats in conjunction with vulgar phrases is
expressly forbidden by the Association
bylaws.

4.4.10. The Tag

The user should type

  cp source-file  dest-file

replacing the source-file with the name of
the source file, and dest-file with the name
of the destination file.

4.5.15. Summary of Physical Style Tags

Explicitly boldfaced, italicized, or
teletype-style text should be used
sparingly.
Otherwise, drink lots 1x10⁶
drops of H₂O.

4.6.2. The Tag (Deprecated)

Unless the base font size was reset above,
Inernet Explorer renders this part in font size 3.

This text should be rather large (size 7).
Oh,
no!
I'm
shrinking!

Ahhhh, back to normal.

4.6.3.1. The size attribute

Call me Ishmael.


All rights reserved. Unauthorized redistribution of this document is
prohibited. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, not the
Internet Service Provider.

Make sure you always sign and date the form!

The ghost moaned, "oooooooooooooo."

4.6.3.2. The color attribute

Here comes the sun!
Here comes the sun!

4.6.3.3. The face attribute

This text is in the default font. But,

heaven only knows
what font face is this one?

4.7.1. The
Tag

Heartbreak Hotel

Ever since my baby left me
I've found a new place to dwell.
It's down at the end of lonely street
Called Heartbreak Hotel.

4.7.1.1. The clear attribute


This text should wrap around the image, flowing between the
image and the right margin of the document.

This text will flow as well, but will be below the image,
extending across the full width of the page. There will
be white space above this text and to the right of the
image.
Paragraph tags separate leading and following
text flow from the captions.

I'm the caption on top of the image.


This one's centered on the right.

This caption should be directly below the image.

4.7.2. The Tag

When prompted by the computer, enter

find . -name \*.html -exec rm \{\}\;.

After a few moments, the load on your server will begin
to diminish and will eventually drop to zero.

4.7.3. The Tag

This is a very long sequence of text that is
forced to be on a single line, even if doing so causes

the browser to extend the document window beyond the
size of the viewing pane and the poor user must scroll right

to read the entire line.

4.7.5. The

 Tag


The processing program is:
main(int argc, char **argv)

{   FILE *f;
    int i;

    if (argc != 2)
      fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <file>\n",
          argv[0]);
    process(argv[1]);
    exit(0);
}

4.7.6. The  Tag (Deprecated)
Copyright 1995 by QuatCo Enterprises.

All rights reserved.
4.8.1. The

 Tag

We acted incorrectly in arbitrarily changing the Kumquat

Festival date. Quoting from the Kumquat Growers' Bylaws:

  The date of the Kumquat Festival may only be changed by

  a two-thirds vote of the General Membership, provided

  that a 60 percent quorum of the Membership

  is present.

(Emphasis mine) Since such a quorum was not present, the

vote is invalid.
4.9.1. The

 Tag


  Webmaster

  O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.

  Cambridge, Massachusetts


Chapter 5. Rules, Images, and Multimedia

5.1.1. The

 Tag

This text is directly above the rule.

And this text is immediately below. 


Whereas this text will have space before the rule.


And this text has space after the rule.
5.1.1.1. The size attribute

This is conventional document text,

followed by a IE's 2-pixel tall rule line.

The next three rule lines are 12, 36, and 72 pixels tall.




5.1.1.2. The noshade attribute


5.1.1.3. The width attribute
The following rules are 40 and 320 pixels wide

no matter the actual width of the browser window


Whereas these next two rules will always extend across

10 and 75 percent of the window, regardless of its width: 



5.1.1.4. The align attribute

Fruit Packing Advice
... 

Shipping Kumquats
...

Juice Processing
...
5.1.1.6. Combining rule attributes

5.1.3. Using Rules in Headers and Footers
Kumquat Growers Handbook - Growing Season Guidelines

Growing Season Guidelines
Growing season for the noble fruit varies throughout the

United States, as shown in the following map:



Provided as a public service by the

Kumquat Lovers of America

5.2.6.3. The alt and longdesc attributes
Introduction

 Kumquat recipes 
 Annual harvest dates

Here we are, on day 17 of the tour, in front of the kumquat

packing plant:



What an exciting moment, to see the boxes of fruit moving
5.2.6.4. The align attribute
Line of text





goes on ...



Line of text





goes on ...
5.2.6.5. Wrapping text around images


The kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, similar in appearance to a

tiny orange. The similarity ends with its appearance, however. While oranges

are generally sweet, kumquats are extremely bitter. Theirs is an acquired taste, to be sure.




The kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, similar in appearance to a

tiny orange. The similarity ends with its appearance, however. While oranges

are generally sweet, kumquats are extremely bitter. Theirs is an acquired taste, to be sure.


Marcia!





Jan!





Cindy!
5.2.6.6. Centering an image
Kumquats are tasty treats


 
that everyone should strive to eat!

Kumquats are tasty treats



that everyone should strive to eat!
5.2.6.8. The border attribute


 





  





  





  


5.2.6.11. Resizing and flood-filling images



5.2.6.13. The hspace and vspace attributes


The kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, similar

in appearance to a tiny orange. The similarity ends with its

appearance, however. While oranges are generally sweet,

kumquats are extremely bitter. Theirs is an acquired taste,

to be sure. Most folks, at first taste, wonder how you could

ever eat another, let alone enjoy it!



The kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, similar

in appearance to a tiny orange. The similarity ends with its

appearance, however. While oranges are generally sweet,

kumquats are extremely bitter. Theirs is an acquired taste,

to be sure. Most folks, at first taste, wonder how you could

ever eat another, let alone enjoy it!
5.2.6.14. The ismap and usemap attributes


  





  



... 
5.2.6.16. The name, onAbort, onError, onLoad and other event attributes



5.2.7.1. The dynsrc attribute



5.2.7.2. The controls attribute

5.2.7.3. The loop attribute



5.2.7.4. The start attribute

5.2.7.5. Combining movie  attributes



5.3.1.1. The bgcolor attribute
5.3.1.2. The background attribute
5.3.1.3. The bgproperties attribute
5.3.1.4. The text attribute
5.3.1.6. The leftmargin attribute
Internet Explorer lets you indent the

<--left margin

away from the left edge of the window. 
5.3.1.7. The topmargin attribute

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Internet Explorer can give your documents

a little extra headroom.

5.4.1.1. The src attribute
5.4.1.2. The loop attribute
5.5.1.1. The align attribute
SMKN 1 KARAWANG
5.5.1.2. The behavior, direction, and loop attributes
  Kumquats aren't filling

  ..........      Taste great, too! 
5.5.1.3. The bgcolor attribute
  Kumquats aren't filling

  ..........      Taste great, too! 
5.5.1.4. The height and width attributes
  Kumquats aren't filling

  ..........      Taste great, too! 
5.5.1.5. The hspace and vspace attributes
  Kumquats aren't filling

  ..........      Taste great, too! 
5.5.1.6. The scrollamount and scrolldelay attributes
  Kumquats aren't filling

  ..........      Taste great, too! 
Chapter 6. Links and Webs

6.3.1.2. The href attribute
The growing

season for kumquats in the Northeast.



        

         New pruning tips!



        

         Kumquats throughout history

6.3.1.3. The name and id attributes
Pruning Your Kumquat Tree
Pruning Your Kumquat Tree
PRUNING
6.3.1.4. The event attributes





6.3.1.5. The rel and rev attributes
hrefhs


6.3.1.9. The title attribute
image


6.3.3. Linking Within a Document
Section 7
[43]We prefer the id way, although not all browsers support it, yet.
Section 7
See Section 7

for further details.

...
Table of Contents

Soil Preparation
Digging the Hole
Planting the Tree

...
Soil Preparation
...
Digging the Hole
...
Planting the Tree
...
6.4.1. Lists of Links

Kumquat-related documents include:

A concise guide to 

      profitable kumquat farming,

      including a variety of business plans, lists of fruit

      packing companies, and farming supply companies.

101 different ways to 

      use a kumquat, including stewed kumquats and kumquat pie!

The kumquat is a hardy tree, but even the greenest of

      thumbs can use a few 

      growing tips to increase

      their yield.

The business of kumquats is an expanding one, as

      shown by this 10 year overview of the

      

      kumquat industry.

6.5.5. A Client-Side Image Map Example
image


6.5.6. Handling Other Browsers


  



... 
To make an image map backward-compatible with all image map-capable browsers, you may also include client-side and server-side processing for the same image map. Capable browsers will honor the faster client-side processing; all other browsers will ignore the usemap attribute in the  tag and rely upon the referenced server process to handle user selections in the traditional way. For example: 


  



... 
6.6.1. The  Tag (Deprecated)
Kumquat Advice Database
Kumquat Advice Database

Search this database to learn more about kumquats!
Chapter 7. Formatted Lists

7.1.1. The
 Tag

Popular Kumquat recipes:

Pickled Kumquats
'Quats and 'Kraut (a holiday favorite!)
'Quatshakes

There are so many more to please every palate!
7.2.1. The
 Tag

Pickled Kumquats
Here's an easy way to make a delicious batch of pickled 'quats:

Rinse 50 pounds of fresh kumquats
Bring eight gallons white vinegar to rolling boil
Add kumquats gradually, keeping vinegar boiling
Boil for one hour, or until kumquats are tender
Place in sealed jars and enjoy!

7.2.1.1. The start attribute

 This is item number 5.
 This is number six!
 And so forth...

7.2.1.2. The type attribute

 This is the Roman number 8.
 The numerals increment by 1.
 And so forth...

7.3.1.1. The type attribute

Changing the numbering type
Uppercase Roman numerals
Lowercase Roman numerals
Plain ol' numbers
Doesn't alter the order.
 <-- But, although numbering continues sequentially,
 types don't persist. See? I should've been a "g"!

7.3.1.2. The value attribute

Item number 1
And the second
 Jump to number 9
And continue with 10...

7.4.1. Nested Unordered Lists

Morning Kumquat Delicacies

Hot Dishes

Kumquat omelet
Kumquat waffles

Country style
Belgian


Kumquats and toast


Cold Dishes

Kumquats and cornflakes
Pickled Kumquats
Diced Kumquats





7.4.2. Nested Ordered Lists

A History of Kumquats

Early History

The Fossil Record
Kumquats: The Missing Link?

Mayan Use of Kumquats
Kumquats in the New World

Future Use of Kumquats

7.5.1. The
 Tag

Common Kumquat Parasites

Leaf mites
The leaf mite will ravage the Kumquat tree, stripping it

      of any and all vegetation.
Trunk dropsy
This microscopic larvae of the common opossum

      chigger will consume the structural elements of the

      tree trunk, causing it to collapse inward.

7.7.1. The  Tag (Deprecated)
The distribution tape has the following files on it:
README
Makefile
main.c
config.h
util.c
7.8.1. The  Tag (Deprecated)
Some popular kumquat recipes include:
Pickled Kumquats
'Quats and 'Kraut (a holiday favorite!)
'Quatshakes
There are many more to please every palate!
Chapter 8. Cascading Style Sheets

8.1.2. Document-Level Style Sheets
All True Blue
I'm so bluuuuoooo!
...
I am ba-loooooo, tooooo!


8.1.3.1. Linked external style sheets
Style linked
I'm so bluuuuoooo!
...
 I am ba-loooooo, tooooo!


8.1.3.2. Imported external style sheets
Imported style sheet
8.1.5. Linked Versus Imported Style Sheets
8.3.1. Regular Classes

This is the abstract paragraph.  See how the margins are indented?

The equation paragraph follows

a = b + 1


This paragraph's text should be centered.

8.3.4.3. Nesting and language pseudo-classes
div > p:first-child  {font-style: italic}


    I get to be in italics.
  


 New Division

    I'm in plain text because my paragraph is a second child of the division.

div:lang(it) {font-family: Roman}
8.4.4.3. The background-image property

li.marble {background-image: url(backgrounds/marble.gif)}
Here's what's for dinner tonight:

Liver with Onions
Mashed Potatoes and Gravy
Green Beans
Choice of Milk, Tea, or Coffee
And for dessert:

Creamed Quats in Milk  (YUM! YUM!)
Chapter 9. Forms

Chapter 10. Tables

Chapter 11. Frames

11.2. Frame Tags
Frames Layout
    Sorry, this document can be viewed only with a

    frames-capable browser.

    Take this link

    to the first HTML document in the set.
Chapter 12. Executable Content

Chapter 13. Dynamic Documents

13.2.2.1. Refreshing the same document
Kumquat Market Prices
 Kumquat Market Prices
Kumquats are currently trading at $1.96 per pound.
Chapter 14. Netscape Layout Extensions

Chapter 15. XML

Chapter 16. XHTML

Chapter 17. Tips, Tricks, and Hacks

17.1.2. Boilerplate Documents
    Required; replace this title with your own
Reiterate the title here
      ...Insert your document's contents here...
Include your name and contact information

               usually at the end of the document

    
   Every XHTML document needs a title
Reiterate the title here
        ...Insert your document's contents here...
Include your name and contact information

                  usually at the end of the document

    
17.6.2. Overriding Others' Targets
I need a window of my own
Your browser apparently doesn't support JavaScript. Please

 hyperlink to our site manually.
Appendix A. HTML Grammar

Appendix D. The HTML 4.01 DTD

Appendix E. The XHTML 1.0 DTD

Appendix F. Character Entities

Appendix G. Color Names and Values
Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide

Chapter 1. HTML and CSS

1.4. Bringing CSS and HTML Together
    Eric's World of Waffles
        @import url(sheet2.css);

        H1 {color: maroon;}

        BODY {background: yellow;}

        /* These are my styles! Yay! */
    
Waffles!
The most wonderful of all breakfast foods is

    the waffle-- a ridged and cratered slab of home-cooked, fluffy

    goodness...

    
Chapter 2. Selectors and Structure

2.5. Structure
Meerkat Central
Meerkat Central


Welcome to Meerkat Central, the best meerkat web site

on the entire Internet!


We offer:



Detailed information on how to adopt a meerkat

Tips for living with a meerkat

Fun things to do with a meerkat, including:



Playing fetch

Digging for food

Hide and seek







...and so much more!




Questions? Contact us!

Chapter 3. Units and Values

Chapter 4. Text Properties

Chapter 5. Fonts

Chapter 6. Colors and Backgrounds

Chapter 7. Boxes and Borders

Chapter 8. Visual Formatting

Chapter 9. Positioning

Chapter 10. CSS2: A Look Ahead

Chapter 11. CSS in Action

								
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